Thymol-based regenerative therapy for improving cognitive deficits in the aged individuals: Thymol, isolated from Trachyspermum Ammi/Ajwain seeds and oil, decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM 1), inhibits microglia activity, increases hippocampal neural precursor activity, ameliorates cognition, & attenuates age-related neurodegeneration, through up regulation of its target genes, 19/July/2019, 9.29 pm
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Introduction: What they say
A study from the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA shows that “Aged blood impairs hippocampal neural precursor activity and activates microglia via brain endothelial cell VCAM.” This research paper was published, in the 13 May 2019 issue of the journal “Nature Medicine” [One of the best research journals in General medicine with an I.F of 32.261] by Prof.Tony Wyss-Coray’s (One of TIME Magazine’s 50 Most Influential People in Health Care) research team.
What we say:
On the foundation of this interesting finding, Dr L Boominathan PhD, Director-cum-chief Scientist of GBMD, reports that: Thymol-based regenerative therapy for improving cognitive deficits in the aged individuals: Thymol, isolated from Trachyspermum Ammi//Ajwain seeds and oil, decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM 1), inhibits microglia activity, increases hippocampal neural precursor activity, ameliorates cognition, & attenuates age-related neurodegeneration, through up regulation of its target genes
What is known?
A number of studies suggests that circulatory environment in older people can: a) induce microglia; b) decrease neural precursor cell activity; and c) reduce cognition. However, the mechanistic details of this remains largely unknown.
Prof.Tony Wyss-Coray’s research team has recently shown that: 1. brain endothelial cells (BECs) in the hippocampus express increased levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) protein, which promotes vascular-immune cell interactions; 2. increased levels of VCAM1 is found in the plasma of aged humans and mice; 3. plasma from aged mice can increase the levels of VCAM1 in young mice; and 3. Anti-VCAM1 antibody counteracts the detrimental effects of plasma from old mice and attenuates cognitive defects, suggesting that decreasing the expression of brain endothelial VCAM1 in aged individuals may attenuate age-related neurodegeneration.
From Research findings to Therapeutic opportunity:
Trachyspermum Ammi, and Theme are used in India, and china, in ayurvedic/traditional medicine, for centuries; however, the mechanistic basis of their therapeutic effect, in treating a number of diseases, remain largely obscure for up until now. This study provides, for the first time, mechanistic insights into how Thymol, derived from Trachyspermum Ammi/Ajwain, Theme and others, attenuates cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration, in the aged population.
Thymol, by increasing the expression of its target gene, it decreases the levels of VCAM1 (Fig.1). Thereby, it may: (1) increase the levels of a number of proteins essential for learning, memory and cognition; (2) attenuates inflammatory transcriptional profile; (3) inhibit microglia activity; (4) increase neural precursor cell activity; (5) increase cognition, memory, and learning; (6) improve spatial memory; (7) promote hippocampal function; and (8) attenuate age-related neurodegeneration (Figs.1-3).
Figure 1. Mechanistic insights into how Thymol attenuates age-related neurodegeneration and improves cognitive function in the aged individuals. Thymol, by increasing the expression of its target gene, it may decrease the levels of VCAM1. Thereby, it may increase cognition, memory, and learning, promote hippocampal function; and attenuate age-related neurodegeneration.
Figure 2. Thymol, derived from Trachyspermum Ammi/Ajwain, Theme and others, attenuates the expression of VCAM1 and rescues cognitive decline in the aged population.
Figure 3. Thymol attenuates the expression of VCAM1, increases the expression of genes that promote cognition, learning and memory, and rescues cognitive decline in the aged population.
Figure 4. Thymol, found in Lippia gracilis, Thyme, Oregano, euphrasia, monarda fistulosa and others, attenuates cognitive deficits and age-related neurodegeneration.
Figure 5. Thymol attenuates the expression of VCAM1, while increasing the expression of a number of genes that promote learning, memory and cognition, and thereby, rescues the cognitive decline in the aged population.
Figure 6. While Anti-VCAM1 or genetic deletion of VCAM1 attenuates cognitive deficits, the study presented study suggests that natural product-derived compound Thymol attenuates the expression of VCAM1, and rescues cognitive decline in the aged population.
Thus, a pharmaceutical mixture encompassing Thymol or its analogs, either alone or in combination with other drugs, can be used to suppress age-associated overall physiological decline of hippocampal function, improve cognition,learning and memory, and attenuate age-related neurodegeneration (Fig.4).
Details of the research findings:
Idea Proposed/Formulated (with experimental evidence) by: Dr L Boominathan Ph.D.
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Undisclosed mechanistic information: How does Thymol decrease VCAM1?
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References:
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Citation: Boominathan, L., Thymol-based regenerative therapy for improving cognitive deficits in the aged individuals: Thymol, isolated from Trachyspermum Ammi/Ajwain seeds and oil, decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM 1), inhibits microglia activity, increases hippocampal neural precursor activity, ameliorates cognition, & attenuates age-related neurodegeneration, through up regulation of its target genes, 19/July/2019, 9.29 pm, Genome-2-Bio-Medicine Discovery center (GBMD), http://genomediscovery.org
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