Introduction: What they say
A study from Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany shows that “Resolution of inflammation by interleukin-9-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells.” This research paper was published, in the 17 July 2017 issue of the journal “Nature Medicine” [One of the best research journals in General Medicine with an I.Fs of 30.357], by Prof.Andreas Ramming, Rauber S and others.
What we say:
On the foundation of this interesting finding, Dr L Boominathan PhD, Director-cum-chief Scientist of GBMD, reports that: Natural product-derived therapy for inflammation and arthritis: Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia Annua L, increases IL-9 levels, increases proliferation of ILC2s (type 2 innate lymphoid cells) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, promotes resolution of inflammation, attenuates cartilage destruction, decreases bone loss, and inhibits pathological features associated with arthritis via up regualtion of its target genes
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From the Significance of the study to Public health relevance:
Given that: (1) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has caused 49,000 deaths globally in 2010; and it is likely that death due to RA may increase in the coming years; (2) RA approximately affects between 0.5% to 1% of adults in the developing world; (3) between 5 and 50 per 100, 000 people develop RA each year; (3) Women are three to five times more affected by RA than men; (4) most of the drugs that are in use today, to treat RA, treats only the symptoms, not the root cause of the disease; (5) RA is characterized by chronic joint pains; and (6) the global economic cost spent in the treatment of RA is enormous, there is an urgent need to find: (i) molecular mechanisms and the components involved in bio-pathways leading to RA; (ii) a cheaper alternative to the existing expensive drugs; and (iii) a side-effect-free Natural product-based drug that alleviates not only pain, but also cures RA.
What is known?
Prof.Andreas Ramming‘s research team has recently shown that: (1) interleukin (IL)-9-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) as mediators of chronic inflammation; (2) the lack of IL-9 production culminates in: (a) defective ILC2 proliferation and activation of regulatory T (Treg) cells; (b) arthritis; (c) excessive cartilage destruction; and (d) bone loss; (3) treatment with IL-9 results in a) resolution of inflammation; and b) protection of bone; and (4) increased numbers of IL-9+ILC2s in joints and the circulation of patients, in remission stage of rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that IL-9-mediated ILC2 activation is a method of treatment for chronic inflammation, such as arthritis, as it promotes resolution of inflammation rather than suppression of inflammatory mediators.
From Research findings to Therapeutic opportunity:
This study suggests a natural product-based therapy for inflammatory diseases, including arthritis.
The antimalarial drug Artemisinin, discovered by Chinese chemist-cum-Professor Tu Youyu, for which she shared the Noble prize with Profs. William C. Campbell, Satoshi Omura in 2015, has also been shown to play a role in Rheumatoid arthritis. However, the detailed mechanistic insights is yet to emerge.
Artemisinin, by increasing the expression of its target gene, it may increase the expression of IL-9 and its down stream target genes. Thereby, it may: (1) increase the proliferation of ILC2s cells; (2) promote activation of Treg cells; (3) promote resolution of inflammation; (4) suppress cartilage destruction; (5) inhibit bone loss and strengthen bone structure; and (6) inhibit arthritis progression. Thus, pharmacological formulations encompassing “Artemisinin or its analogues, either alone or in combination with other drugs that are used to treat inflammatory diseases” (fig 1), may be used to promote resolution of inflammation and inflammatory diseases, including arthritis.
Details of the research findings:
Idea Proposed/Formulated (with experimental evidence) by: Dr L Boominathan Ph.D.
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Amount: $ 500#
Undisclosed mechanistic information: How Artemisinin increases IL-9 levels, activates ILC2 proliferation and regulatory T (Treg) cells, inhibits cartilage destruction, suppresses bone loss and improves arthritis.
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References:
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Citation: Boominathan, L., Natural product-derived therapy for inflammation and arthritis: Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia Annua L, increases IL-9 levels, increases proliferation of ILC2s (type 2 innate lymphoid cells) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, promotes resolution of inflammation, attenuates cartilage destruction, decreases bone loss, and inhibits pathological features associated with arthritis via up regualtion of its target genes, 17/August/2017, 11.37 pm, Genome-2-Bio-Medicine Discovery center (GBMD), http://genomediscovery.org
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