Anesthetic drug comes to the rescue of blood-stage Plasmodium infection: Procaine (PCA) (trade name: Novocain), a local anesthetic drug,  decreases the expression of CTLA-4, PD-L1, and LAG-3, promotes CD4+ T-cell function, increases secretion of protective antibodies, promotes and clears blood-stage malaria, via up-regulation of its target gene, 18/September/2018, 7.35 am