What they say:
A recent study from the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany shows that “MicroRNA-34a regulates cardiac ageing and function.” This study was published, in the 7 March 2013 issue of of the journal Nature (impact factor: 41.577) , by Prof Dimmler, Boon, and others.
What we say:
On the foundation of this interesting finding, Dr L Boominathan PhD, Director-cum-chief Scientist of GBMD, reports that: Excess consumption of coffee during pregnancy increases the chances of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth & prenatal mortality: Caffeine increases DNA damage responses, suppresses telomerase expression, attenuates telomere shortening, inhibits cardiomyocyte survival, promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and promotes myocardial dysfunction, via down-regulation of PNUTS
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From Significance of the study to Public Health Relevance:
Given that: (1) cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide; (2) the raise of death rate, due to cardiovascular disease, has increased from 123 lakhs in 1990 to 173 lakhs in 2013; (3) 85% of people over 80 years are susceptible to cardiovascular diseases;(4) in India, in 2004, 14.6 lakhs deaths (14% of total deaths) were due to ischemic heart disease; (3) the death due to cardiovascular disease is higher in low-to-middle income countries compared to developed countries; (4) the global economic cost spent in the treatment of cardiovascular disease in 2011 was little more than 10 billion US dollars; (5) an alarming number of people, such as 230 lakhs people, will die from cardiovascular diseases each year by 2030, there is an urgent need to find: (i) a way to induce regeneration of cardiomyocytes that were lost in Myocardial patients; (ii) a cheaper alternative to the existing expensive drugs; and (iv) a side-effect-free Natural product-based drug.
From Research Findings to Therapeutic Opportunity:
This study provides mechanistic insights into how prenatal exposure to excess amount of caffeine or consumption of coffee may promote spontaneous abortion, stillbirth & prenatal mortality.
This study suggests, for the first time, that Caffeine, by increasing the expression of its target genes, it may decrease the expression of PNUTS (fig.1). Thereby, it may: (1) augment DNA damage responses, (2) decrease telomerase expression, (3) promote telomere shortening; (4) attenuate cardiomyocyte survival/regeneration; (5) accelerate cardiac aging; (6) promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis; and (7) promote spontaneous abortion, stillbirth & prenatal mortality (fig 1).
Figure 1. Mechanistic insights into how exposure to excess amount of caffeine during pregnancy promotes spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and prenatal mortality. Consumption of excess caffeine, by suppressing the expression of PNUTS and Telomerase, may down-regulate the expression of proteins that promote cardiomyocyte survival, proliferation and regeneration, which in turn, may result in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and prenatal mortality.
Figure 2. Prenatal exposure to excess amount of caffeine may promote spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and prenatal mortality.
Thus, excess consumption of coffee during pregnancy must be avoided (Fig.2). Given the adverse effect of consumption of excess amount of coffee during pregnancy, Gynecologists and medical practitioners may advise pregnant mothers not to consume more than–if it cannot be avoided–3 cups of coffee per day (250-300 mg caffeine/day) (fig. 2) .
Details of the research findings:
Idea Proposed/Formulated (with experimental evidence) by:
Dr L Boominathan Ph.D.
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Undisclosed mechanistic information: How does Caffeine increase the expression of PNUTS/Telomerase?
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References:
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Citation: Boominathan, L., Excess consumption of coffee during pregnancy increases the chances of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth & prenatal mortality: Caffeine increases DNA damage responses, suppresses telomerase expression, attenuates telomere shortening, inhibits cardiomyocyte survival, promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and promotes myocardial dysfunction, via down-regulation of PNUTS, 17/May/2019, 11.22 pm, Genome-2-BioMedicine Discovery center (GBMD), http://genomediscovery.org
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