Molecular therapy for Diabetic nephropathy (DN): Valsartan(Trade name: Diovan), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, increases Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression, decreases toxic glucose metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, augments glycolytic flux and PGC-1α levels, improves metabolic abnormalities, albuminuria, glomerular pathology, and renal dysfunction and alleviates diabetic nephropathy via down regulation of its target gene, 23/January/2018, 11.59 pm