Small-molecule based therapy for autoimmune diabetes (TIDM): Ethyl Pyruvate (EP), a derivative of metabolite pyruvic acid, increases PD-L1 expression, increases Tregs function, promotes immune tolerance, increases pancreatic β-cell proliferation and regeneration, increases insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, increases energy utilization, and reverses TIDM, via up regulation of its target gene, 24/February/2018, 6.01 am