A sweet way to say no to pain: Sugar-based PD-1 pathway activation for Pain therapy: Phyllodulcin, a natural sweetener 400-800 times sweeter than sugar, increases the expression of PD-L1, attenuates acutes and chronic pain, and suppresses mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and inhibits nociceptive neuron excitability, via up-regulation of its target gene, 16/March/2017, 7.40 am